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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Review Articles (96) Demographics of Users, Social & Digital Divide (1341) Equity and Digital Divide (540) Artificial Intelligence (5130) Patient Engagement and Empowerment (180)

Published on in Vol 18 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/94439, first published .
Surgeon's gloved hand interacts with futuristic brain and medical scans on a digital display.

Bias in Medical AI in Relation to Patient Empowerment and Digital Equity: Scoping Review

Bias in Medical AI in Relation to Patient Empowerment and Digital Equity: Scoping Review

Authors of this article:

Lisa-Maria Norz1 Author Orcid Image ;   Elizaveta Beeck1 Author Orcid Image ;   Elske Ammenwerth1 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by Tweetations (1) Metrics

Lisa-Maria Norz   1 , MSc, PhD ;   Elizaveta Beeck   1 ;   Elske Ammenwerth   1 , MET, PhD

1 Department for Biomedical Computer Science and Mechatronics, Institute of Medical Informatics, UMIT TIROL - Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Hall i. Tirol, Austria

Corresponding Author:

  • Lisa-Maria Norz, MSc, PhD
  • Department for Biomedical Computer Science and Mechatronics, Institute of Medical Informatics
  • UMIT TIROL - Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology
  • Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1
  • Hall i. Tirol 6060
  • Austria
  • Phone: 43 6642095599
  • Email: lisa-maria.norz@umit-tirol.at