Published on in Vol 18 (2026)
Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are
available at
https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/83642, first published
.

1 Department of Frailty Research, Research Institute, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
2 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Sakai, Japan
*all authors contributed equally
